Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Effect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Remediation of Inhibitory Control on right Inferio Frontal Gyrus in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms Effect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Remediation of Inhibitory Control on right Inferio Frontal Gyrus in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms 1 9 1100055 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100055 FA Zahra Soltaninejad 1. Master of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Vahid Nejati 2. Assisstant Professor,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-0419-5207 Hamed Ekhtiari 3. MD, Institute for cognitive sciences studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2014 05 08 Background and Aim: Inhibitory control which is defined as the ability to control the improper responses or behaviors is one of the main components of executive function. Its deficiency in people who have Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder has been shown. The purpose of this study was to improve inhibitory control through transcranial direct current stiFmulation (TDCS) in people with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 technical school students were selected through Wender Utah Rating Scale and CAARS questionnaires which measure attention deficit and hyperactive disorder syndrome in childhood and adulthood as well as SCL-25 questionnaire which measures general psychological health. All the subjects were tested by Stroop and Go-no-Go tests which measure inhibitory control, under anodal stimulation, and sham conditions. Results: The findings show that anodal stimulation on right Inferio Frontal Gyrus increases the accuracy of inhibition in prepotent stimulus inhibition stage significantly. Conclusion: TDCS on right Inferio Frontal Gyrus of the people with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder syndrome can improve the inhibitory control in prepotent stimulus inhibition. Background and Aim: Inhibitory control which is defined as the ability to control the improper responses or behaviors is one of the main components of executive function. Its deficiency in people who have Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder has been shown. The purpose of this study was to improve inhibitory control through transcranial direct current stiFmulation (TDCS) in people with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 technical school students were selected through Wender Utah Rating Scale and CAARS questionnaires which measure attention deficit and hyperactive disorder syndrome in childhood and adulthood as well as SCL-25 questionnaire which measures general psychological health. All the subjects were tested by Stroop and Go-no-Go tests which measure inhibitory control, under anodal stimulation, and sham conditions. Results: The findings show that anodal stimulation on right Inferio Frontal Gyrus increases the accuracy of inhibition in prepotent stimulus inhibition stage significantly. Conclusion: TDCS on right Inferio Frontal Gyrus of the people with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder syndrome can improve the inhibitory control in prepotent stimulus inhibition.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100055_e9c0dc8728b4154f1d5049fbe0bd334c.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Effect of anti-reflective, photochromic anti-reflective and CR-39 lenses on disability glare Effect of anti-reflective, photochromic anti-reflective and CR-39 lenses on disability glare 10 16 1100058 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100058 FA Bahram Khosravi 1. Phd of Optometry. Faculty of Rehabilitation Science. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Aghazadeh Amiri 2. OD of Optometry. Faculty of Rehabilitation Science. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5532-4024 Seyed Mehdi Tabatabayee 3. MSc of Biostatistics. Faculty of Rehabilitation Science. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6757-5795 Reza Irani Rashid Abad 4. Student Research Committee. MSc of Optometry. Faculty of Rehabilitation Science. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2014 05 04 Background and Aim: Some methods are proposed in the literature to decrease disability glare. In this study the effect of CR-39, antireflective and photochromic antireflective lenses on disability glare was measured in simple myopic, simple astigmatism and compound myopic astigmatic participants. The aim of the study was to find a lens which decreases the disability glare more than others. Materials and Methods: The quasi experimental repeated measure study was designed to compare the effect of the CR-39, antireflective and photochromic antireflective lenses on disability glare. This study was performed on 34 participants .Disability glare was measured with car head light effect on contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic condition. Results: There was no statistical difference in contrast sensitivity between the lenses except for 18 Cycle/Degree frequencies under mesopic condition in which CR-39 lens show better result than other lenses. Conclusion: This study showed that CR-39 lenses, anti -reflective and photochromic anti-reflective lenses have identical effect on disability glare in suprathereshold condition, and there is not any reason to prescribe anti-reflective and photochromic lens to decrease disability glare. Background and Aim: Some methods are proposed in the literature to decrease disability glare. In this study the effect of CR-39, antireflective and photochromic antireflective lenses on disability glare was measured in simple myopic, simple astigmatism and compound myopic astigmatic participants. The aim of the study was to find a lens which decreases the disability glare more than others. Materials and Methods: The quasi experimental repeated measure study was designed to compare the effect of the CR-39, antireflective and photochromic antireflective lenses on disability glare. This study was performed on 34 participants .Disability glare was measured with car head light effect on contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic condition. Results: There was no statistical difference in contrast sensitivity between the lenses except for 18 Cycle/Degree frequencies under mesopic condition in which CR-39 lens show better result than other lenses. Conclusion: This study showed that CR-39 lenses, anti -reflective and photochromic anti-reflective lenses have identical effect on disability glare in suprathereshold condition, and there is not any reason to prescribe anti-reflective and photochromic lens to decrease disability glare.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100058_e3fd21619210166d541ff2b53eecca6a.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Comparison of ADHD Symptoms in Epileptic and Normal Children Comparison of ADHD Symptoms in Epileptic and Normal Children 17 23 1100059 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100059 FA Parvin Dibajnia 1. Associate professor of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Behavioral Sciences Research center, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-7972-8536 Maryam Moghadasin 2. Ph.D student in Psychometric. Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran Alireza Zahirrodin 3. Professor of Psychiatry. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Behavioral Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2014 06 04 Background and Aim: The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy has been the focus of numerous studies published recently. Population studies suggest that 12–17% of children with epilepsy meet the criteria for ADHD compared to 3% to 7% of the general pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ADHD symptoms in Iranian epileptic children. Materials and Methods: One hundred Epileptic Children who were referred to a governmental or private neurological clinic in Tehran and 100 healthy children matched for age and sex participated in this study. Clinical evaluation of children were done by a psychiatrist. We excluded children with mental retardation, cerebral pulsy, other medical and neurological disorders, pervasive developmental disorder and children who were using antiepileptic and other drugs that associated with ADHD like side effect. After signing the informed consent, parents of epileptic children completed Persian version of CSI 4 Test for evaluation of ADHD symptoms in children. The data were transferred to the designed sheets and analyzed by SPSS 19 software. Results: Mean age of participants was 7. 47 (SD=0.94) in epileptic patients and 6.39 (SD=2.41) in normal children. There was a significant difference between the two groups in inattention (p = 0.0001) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (p = 0.024 (scales. Conclusion: The present study showed that inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms were common in Iranian epileptic children. Background and Aim: The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy has been the focus of numerous studies published recently. Population studies suggest that 12–17% of children with epilepsy meet the criteria for ADHD compared to 3% to 7% of the general pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ADHD symptoms in Iranian epileptic children. Materials and Methods: One hundred Epileptic Children who were referred to a governmental or private neurological clinic in Tehran and 100 healthy children matched for age and sex participated in this study. Clinical evaluation of children were done by a psychiatrist. We excluded children with mental retardation, cerebral pulsy, other medical and neurological disorders, pervasive developmental disorder and children who were using antiepileptic and other drugs that associated with ADHD like side effect. After signing the informed consent, parents of epileptic children completed Persian version of CSI 4 Test for evaluation of ADHD symptoms in children. The data were transferred to the designed sheets and analyzed by SPSS 19 software. Results: Mean age of participants was 7. 47 (SD=0.94) in epileptic patients and 6.39 (SD=2.41) in normal children. There was a significant difference between the two groups in inattention (p = 0.0001) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (p = 0.024 (scales. Conclusion: The present study showed that inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms were common in Iranian epileptic children.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100059_a47b644515babb65a227e95a50f629f9.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Effects of forearm kinesiotaping on maximum power grip and endurance in healthy females Effects of forearm kinesiotaping on maximum power grip and endurance in healthy females 24 33 1100060 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100060 FA Seyed Majid Hosseini 1. Assisstant Professor of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences. Tehran.Iran 0000-0003-2206-3128 Fateme Rezaiian 2. Student Research Commeittee. MSc student of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences. Tehran.Iran Khosro Khademi Kalantari 3. Professor of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences. Tehran.Iran 0000-0001-7599-751X Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei 4. MSc in Biostatistics, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6757-5795 Nasrin Salehi Dehno 5. PhD student of Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Faculty, Shiraz University of Medical sciences. Shiraz. Iran Journal Article 2014 06 13 Background and Aim: Background and Aim: Grip is the main function of the hand. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of forearm kinesiotaping on maximum power grip and endurance among female students. Materials and Methods: In this study a hand dynamometer and a chronometer were used to evaluate pre and post maximum power grip and endurance in three groups after 24 hours of forearm kinesiotaping. Forty five healthy female students were investigated in three groups: “1-without taping (control group), 2- with upY taping, and 3- down Y taping”. Results: Following the taping a significant increase was found for maximum power grip in group three (61.40±10.25 N, P<0.002). Meanwhile no significant differences were seen for power grip in groups one and two (60.40±8.36 N, PConclusion: The findings of the present study showed that after 24 hours of forearm taping, maximum power and endurance grip increased in healthy females. Background and Aim: Background and Aim: Grip is the main function of the hand. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of forearm kinesiotaping on maximum power grip and endurance among female students. Materials and Methods: In this study a hand dynamometer and a chronometer were used to evaluate pre and post maximum power grip and endurance in three groups after 24 hours of forearm kinesiotaping. Forty five healthy female students were investigated in three groups: “1-without taping (control group), 2- with upY taping, and 3- down Y taping”. Results: Following the taping a significant increase was found for maximum power grip in group three (61.40±10.25 N, P<0.002). Meanwhile no significant differences were seen for power grip in groups one and two (60.40±8.36 N, PConclusion: The findings of the present study showed that after 24 hours of forearm taping, maximum power and endurance grip increased in healthy females.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100060_12164b54689e0ee14cd6b69bfcf9e379.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 The effect of knowledge of results frequency on motor learning in individuals with stroke The effect of knowledge of results frequency on motor learning in individuals with stroke 34 41 1100061 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100061 FA Minoo Khalkhali Zavieh 1. Assistant Professor, Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science.Tehran. Iran 0000-0002-2060-5280 Fatemeh Esfandiarpour 2. Assistant professor, Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science. Mojgan Rahmatipour 3. Msc of Physiotherapy, Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science.Tehran. Iran Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban 4. Associate Professor, Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science.Tehran. Iran 0000-0002-0961-1874 Journal Article 2014 02 21 Background and Aim: Reduced augmented feedback leads to motor learning. However, it is unknown whether these findings can be applied in stroke patients who may have impaired internal feedback mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to determine if stroke-related brain damage affects the use of extrinsic feedback and if these patients benefit from practice with reduced frequency of knowledge of results. Materials and Methods: Participants were sixteen patients aged 45-65 years (mean: 57.56 ± 6.47 years) with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke (under 6monthes). They were randomly assigned in two groups of 8. Group one received 100% knowledge of results (KR) and group two received 25% KR about their actual force. During 6 blocks of acquisition (48 trials), participants practiced a grip force production task with upper limb ipsilateral to the lesion. Then performed retention test on the next day without receiving KR. Accuracy and consistency were assessed over acquisition and retention and compared between groups. Results: A significant decrease in VE was found in the 25% group in acquisition (p: 0.004) and retention (p: 0.001). TE in the 25% group in acquisition phase was significant (p: 0.016) as well. There were no significant differences in these variables for the 100% group. Significant decrease of AE (p: 0.035), TE (0.039) and nearly significant decrease of VE (0.058) were found in the 100% group compared with the 25% group in acquisition. However, no significant difference between groups was found in retention. Conclusion: Although group received 25% KR was more consistent during practice, group received 100% KR was significantly more accurate and consistent at the end of the practice in acquisition. In retention test there were no significant differences between groups of feedback condition. As a conclusion in our study, individuals with stroke related brain damage benefit from 100% KR, in acquisition phase. Background and Aim: Reduced augmented feedback leads to motor learning. However, it is unknown whether these findings can be applied in stroke patients who may have impaired internal feedback mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to determine if stroke-related brain damage affects the use of extrinsic feedback and if these patients benefit from practice with reduced frequency of knowledge of results. Materials and Methods: Participants were sixteen patients aged 45-65 years (mean: 57.56 ± 6.47 years) with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke (under 6monthes). They were randomly assigned in two groups of 8. Group one received 100% knowledge of results (KR) and group two received 25% KR about their actual force. During 6 blocks of acquisition (48 trials), participants practiced a grip force production task with upper limb ipsilateral to the lesion. Then performed retention test on the next day without receiving KR. Accuracy and consistency were assessed over acquisition and retention and compared between groups. Results: A significant decrease in VE was found in the 25% group in acquisition (p: 0.004) and retention (p: 0.001). TE in the 25% group in acquisition phase was significant (p: 0.016) as well. There were no significant differences in these variables for the 100% group. Significant decrease of AE (p: 0.035), TE (0.039) and nearly significant decrease of VE (0.058) were found in the 100% group compared with the 25% group in acquisition. However, no significant difference between groups was found in retention. Conclusion: Although group received 25% KR was more consistent during practice, group received 100% KR was significantly more accurate and consistent at the end of the practice in acquisition. In retention test there were no significant differences between groups of feedback condition. As a conclusion in our study, individuals with stroke related brain damage benefit from 100% KR, in acquisition phase.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100061_83b0c2201924cb802c34d7b6957eddb8.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Studying the changes of the lumbar and thoracic curvatures and pelvic tilt inclinations during pregnancy in primigravida women Studying the changes of the lumbar and thoracic curvatures and pelvic tilt inclinations during pregnancy in primigravida women 42 52 1100062 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100062 FA Sedigheh Kouhkan 1. Student Research Committee, MSc Student of Physiotherapy, Faculty of rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran.Iran. Abbas Rahimi 2. Professor, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran.Iran. 0000-0000-9233-3459 Mehri Ghasemi 3. Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran.Iran. Sedigheh-Sadat Naimi 3. Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran.Iran. 0000-0001-7772-5737 Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of rehabilitation Scienses, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran.Iran. 0000-0002-0961-1874 Journal Article 2014 05 20 Background and Aim: Research show extensive physiological and postural changes in pregnancy, particularly during the first pregnancy. These changes are in sense of balance, neurological and mechanical forms. The precise changes in postures of each parts of the body in primigravida women are still ambiguous. The current study aims to find out spinal and pelvic changes in these women in static standing. Materials and Methods: The lumbar and thoracic curves and pelvic inclination angles of thirty primigravida women (age 25±1, BMI 23±1) in the first, second and third trimesters (Weeks 10, 21 and 32 of pregnancy) were recruited in this cohort study and were compared with 18 age-BMI matched non- pregnant women (age 24±1, BMI 23±1) in a static standing posture. The curvatures were measured with use of a flexible ruler and the pelvic inclination angle was measured by a pelvic inclinometer device. Before starting the main study, the reliability and repeatability of the flexible ruler and pelvic inclinometer were confirmed in this study (ICC>0.87). Results: An increased curvature and inclination angles were shown simultaneously while pregnancy progresses. The results showed a significant increased lumbar and thoracic curvature angles in pregnant group only during the first and second trimesters (P<0.05). However, pelvic inclination angles significantly increased during all trimesters of the pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed significant increases in both lumbar and thoracic curves (Sway back) and an increased pelvic tilt during pregnancy period. The results might help clinicians for prescribing suitable exercises during pregnancy and after the delivery. More research is recommended in this area. Background and Aim: Research show extensive physiological and postural changes in pregnancy, particularly during the first pregnancy. These changes are in sense of balance, neurological and mechanical forms. The precise changes in postures of each parts of the body in primigravida women are still ambiguous. The current study aims to find out spinal and pelvic changes in these women in static standing. Materials and Methods: The lumbar and thoracic curves and pelvic inclination angles of thirty primigravida women (age 25±1, BMI 23±1) in the first, second and third trimesters (Weeks 10, 21 and 32 of pregnancy) were recruited in this cohort study and were compared with 18 age-BMI matched non- pregnant women (age 24±1, BMI 23±1) in a static standing posture. The curvatures were measured with use of a flexible ruler and the pelvic inclination angle was measured by a pelvic inclinometer device. Before starting the main study, the reliability and repeatability of the flexible ruler and pelvic inclinometer were confirmed in this study (ICC>0.87). Results: An increased curvature and inclination angles were shown simultaneously while pregnancy progresses. The results showed a significant increased lumbar and thoracic curvature angles in pregnant group only during the first and second trimesters (P<0.05). However, pelvic inclination angles significantly increased during all trimesters of the pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed significant increases in both lumbar and thoracic curves (Sway back) and an increased pelvic tilt during pregnancy period. The results might help clinicians for prescribing suitable exercises during pregnancy and after the delivery. More research is recommended in this area.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100062_72c7eb4a12cd498a127e7c28c9d07256.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Study of reproducibility of Spinal Alignment and Range of Motion Measure in children with cerebral palsy Study of reproducibility of Spinal Alignment and Range of Motion Measure in children with cerebral palsy 53 61 1100063 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100063 FA Ghodsiyeh Joveini 1. MSc of occupational therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin Raji 2. PhD student of Occupational Therapy, Lecturer, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-1078-6177 Ahmad Reza Baghestani 3. PhD of Biostatistics, Academic member, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Parvizi 4. PhD student of Neuroscience, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2014 03 11 Background and Aim: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder, but status of these children could be worse due to progressive abnormalities especially in the musculoskeletal system. Among these abnormalities are contractures and spinal abnormalities which have negative effects on their motor skills, self-care, and activity of daily living; these are related to respiratory disorders, digestive and skin problems and sleep disorders.So, part of a treatment plan for patients with cerebral palsy is to prevent contractures and spinal distortions and their secondary effects as well as to correct distortions. SAROMM is a tool for estimation of flexibility and posture in patients with cerebral palsy to determine the appropriate treatment and prevent secondary disorders such as contractures. It is developed by Bartlett, et al (2005). Purpose of this study was assessing the reliability of SAROMM in this population. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 27 cerebral palsy adolescent and children 5 to 15 years (9 girls and 18 boys) with a mean age of 4/9, SD 6/2, selected non-randomly (convenience) from rehabilitation centers and schools. Informed consent was obtained from parents and participants introduced to the evaluation. The examiners1&2 (interrater) reliability done in a one-day and the same session.The order of assessment by the raters were randomized. To evaluate intrarater reliability, subjects were evaluated by the examiner 1 a week later. Results: The correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the correlation between the scores given by the two raters. Intera rater agreement (000/0 = P, 99/0 = ICC), and also between examiner agreement (000/0 = P, 98/0 = ICC) were excellent. Conclusion: There is the high reproducibility SAROMM scale for measuring spinal flexibility and range of motion in children and adolescent with cerebral palsy 5 to 15 years. Background and Aim: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder, but status of these children could be worse due to progressive abnormalities especially in the musculoskeletal system. Among these abnormalities are contractures and spinal abnormalities which have negative effects on their motor skills, self-care, and activity of daily living; these are related to respiratory disorders, digestive and skin problems and sleep disorders.So, part of a treatment plan for patients with cerebral palsy is to prevent contractures and spinal distortions and their secondary effects as well as to correct distortions. SAROMM is a tool for estimation of flexibility and posture in patients with cerebral palsy to determine the appropriate treatment and prevent secondary disorders such as contractures. It is developed by Bartlett, et al (2005). Purpose of this study was assessing the reliability of SAROMM in this population. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 27 cerebral palsy adolescent and children 5 to 15 years (9 girls and 18 boys) with a mean age of 4/9, SD 6/2, selected non-randomly (convenience) from rehabilitation centers and schools. Informed consent was obtained from parents and participants introduced to the evaluation. The examiners1&2 (interrater) reliability done in a one-day and the same session.The order of assessment by the raters were randomized. To evaluate intrarater reliability, subjects were evaluated by the examiner 1 a week later. Results: The correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the correlation between the scores given by the two raters. Intera rater agreement (000/0 = P, 99/0 = ICC), and also between examiner agreement (000/0 = P, 98/0 = ICC) were excellent. Conclusion: There is the high reproducibility SAROMM scale for measuring spinal flexibility and range of motion in children and adolescent with cerebral palsy 5 to 15 years.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100063_9758782a78ba762636e0118b17e7ac4d.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Motivational needs and its relationship with motivation potential in occupational therapy profession Motivational needs and its relationship with motivation potential in occupational therapy profession 62 72 1100064 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100064 FA Narges Ghamari 1. MSc of Occupational Therapy in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, phD Student in occupational therapy in University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narges Shafaroodi 2. Assistant professor of Occupational therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences Faculty member, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0346-564X Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad 3. PhD Student in occupational therapy in University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Faculty member ,Tehran, Iran Mahbobeh Ghamari 4. MSc of Hospital Management, Fars Firoozabad Hospital, Fars Firoozabad, Iran. Esmat Ghamari 5. MSc of Social Scientific, Central Payamenoor University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2014 05 05 Background and Aim: Having job motivation in directing the intact motivation is necessary for the proper utilization of human resources. In order to motivate a person at work, it is essential to identify the real needs of human resources; so that if we do not discover the real needs of human resources and do not respond to them timely, it is likely to leave job. So; in this study Motivational needs and its relation to the power of potential motivation in occupational therapy profession was evaluated. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 1390. The population included 97 people of occupational therapists participating in the 16th Congress of Iran occupational therapy. Data collection tools were John Wagner’s valid job characteristic model questionnaire and needs questionnaire which was developed by Gordon. For the last examination, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the Content validity were used to determine its validity. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: According to the results of two questionnaires related to the needs, participants referred their needs to safety, self-actualization, respect social needs and also need to independence to be met in their job. Whereas, occupational therapy has supplied social needs, need to self actualization, independence, respect and safety in order among occupational therapists. Among the studied variables, there was only a relationship between the variables provided for the needs in the occupational therapy profession and potential motivation (p<0.05). Conclusion: By Considering the average potential motivation of occupational therapy profession in this study and its relevance to the needs supplied in occupational therapy profession and also the lack of correlation between individual’s needs for job and the supplied needs in occupational therapy, we can conclude that the individual’s needs of job in occupational therapy profession has not been well taken into consideration. Therefore, further investigations seem essential in relation to the effective factors on the fulfillment of the needs of occupational therapists. Background and Aim: Having job motivation in directing the intact motivation is necessary for the proper utilization of human resources. In order to motivate a person at work, it is essential to identify the real needs of human resources; so that if we do not discover the real needs of human resources and do not respond to them timely, it is likely to leave job. So; in this study Motivational needs and its relation to the power of potential motivation in occupational therapy profession was evaluated. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 1390. The population included 97 people of occupational therapists participating in the 16th Congress of Iran occupational therapy. Data collection tools were John Wagner’s valid job characteristic model questionnaire and needs questionnaire which was developed by Gordon. For the last examination, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the Content validity were used to determine its validity. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: According to the results of two questionnaires related to the needs, participants referred their needs to safety, self-actualization, respect social needs and also need to independence to be met in their job. Whereas, occupational therapy has supplied social needs, need to self actualization, independence, respect and safety in order among occupational therapists. Among the studied variables, there was only a relationship between the variables provided for the needs in the occupational therapy profession and potential motivation (p<0.05). Conclusion: By Considering the average potential motivation of occupational therapy profession in this study and its relevance to the needs supplied in occupational therapy profession and also the lack of correlation between individual’s needs for job and the supplied needs in occupational therapy, we can conclude that the individual’s needs of job in occupational therapy profession has not been well taken into consideration. Therefore, further investigations seem essential in relation to the effective factors on the fulfillment of the needs of occupational therapists.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100064_6bdfc05a23fd76a257aafc2b6528c88e.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Comparison of lower limb muscular activity pattern during treadmill and over ground walking in different speeds Comparison of lower limb muscular activity pattern during treadmill and over ground walking in different speeds 73 80 1100067 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100067 FA Khosro Khademi-Kalantari Profosser of Physiotherapy. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences. Physiotherapy Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7599-751X Fatemeh Rahimi Student Research Committee. MSc Student in physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Majid Hoseini Assisstant Profosser of Physiotherapy. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences. Physiotherapy Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-2206-3128 Alireza Akbarzade Baghban PhD in Biostatistics, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0961-1874 Journal Article 2014 04 30 Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall lower limb muscular activity pattern during treadmill walking compared to on the ground walking during stance phase. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 25 healthy female students ( 19 to 25 years ).Surface electromyography was recorded from lateral gastrocnemis, lateral and medial hamstrings, medial and lateral vasti and Gluteus medius muscles.Subjects walked on the ground (along a 6-meter track) at 3 different speeds (slow, fast, and comfortable) and walked on treadmill with matched speeds.The overall pattern of muscle activity including muscle similarity index and magnitude were computed and compared between on the ground and treadmill walking from the heel strike of dominant foot until the heel strike of opposite foot. Results: The main effect of walking conditions (P<0.001) and speed(P<0.001) as well as the interaction effect of walking speed and conditions (P<0.001) on magnitude of muscle activity were significant. The main effect of walking conditions and speed as well as the interaction effect of condition and walking speed were not significant for similarity index. Conclusion: The pattern of muscular activity during walking on treadmil and on the ground was similar but walking on treadmill induced higher muscular activity in the lower limb musculature compared to on the ground walking. The results of this study are useful in assessment and planning of using treadmill in different groups of people considering the induced muscle fatigue and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall lower limb muscular activity pattern during treadmill walking compared to on the ground walking during stance phase. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 25 healthy female students ( 19 to 25 years ).Surface electromyography was recorded from lateral gastrocnemis, lateral and medial hamstrings, medial and lateral vasti and Gluteus medius muscles.Subjects walked on the ground (along a 6-meter track) at 3 different speeds (slow, fast, and comfortable) and walked on treadmill with matched speeds.The overall pattern of muscle activity including muscle similarity index and magnitude were computed and compared between on the ground and treadmill walking from the heel strike of dominant foot until the heel strike of opposite foot. Results: The main effect of walking conditions (P<0.001) and speed(P<0.001) as well as the interaction effect of walking speed and conditions (P<0.001) on magnitude of muscle activity were significant. The main effect of walking conditions and speed as well as the interaction effect of condition and walking speed were not significant for similarity index. Conclusion: The pattern of muscular activity during walking on treadmil and on the ground was similar but walking on treadmill induced higher muscular activity in the lower limb musculature compared to on the ground walking. The results of this study are useful in assessment and planning of using treadmill in different groups of people considering the induced muscle fatigue and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100067_4a4968d44aed6298bcaa49904b9c2fa8.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Evaluation the status of sleep quality in elderly people in Kermanshah city Evaluation the status of sleep quality in elderly people in Kermanshah city 81 88 1100068 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100068 FA Leila Sheikhy 1. Student of Public Health,Research committee of Kermanshah university of medical sciences. Kermanshah. Iran Behzad Karami Mattin 2. Associate of health of Kermanshah university of medical sciences. Jamileh Chupani 3. Student Research Committee. Student of audiology, rehabilitation faculty of Shahid beheshti university of medical sciences. Tehran. Iran. Sara Hookari 4. Masters Student of Statistics, Research committee of Kermanshah university of medical sciences. Kermanshah. Iran Batul Fallah 5. BS in Educational Technology, Research committee of Kermanshah university of medical sciences. Kermanshah. Iran Journal Article 2014 05 31 Background and Aim: Sleeping is composed of two physiologic mode of slow and fast eye movement. Sleeping disorder in elderly people can cause different side effects such as falling, depression, mind disorders, irritability, tiredness, concentration problems, and so on. Current study was done with the aim of determining sleep quality among elderly people in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: This current survey is a cross-sectional descriptive study which was performed among 100 elderly people in Kermanshah in 1392.The sample was selected according to the simple random sampling among the elderly people settling in Mehregan Sanatorium of elderly. The tools used for data collection were a questionnaire consisted of two demographic information parts and a questionnaire of Pittsburgh sleep standards, which were completed after interviewing the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results: Mean age of participants was 66.7% ±2.7% years old. Most of the participants (67%), were undereducated. Half of them were women and the other half were men. 77.6% of participants were married and the others were single, widow, or got divorce. 10.2% reported having mental disorders history. 4.1% of participants in this study had used drugs before according to the achieved information from questionnaire. 39.8% of participants had moderate and 24.5% of them had severe sleep quality problems. Conclusion: The findings show that prevalence of improper sleep quality among elderly people is increasing which can cause serious problems. So, identifying effective factors in sleep quality in elderly people and designing proper intervention based on those factors in the direction of improving the quality of elderly people are suggested. Background and Aim: Sleeping is composed of two physiologic mode of slow and fast eye movement. Sleeping disorder in elderly people can cause different side effects such as falling, depression, mind disorders, irritability, tiredness, concentration problems, and so on. Current study was done with the aim of determining sleep quality among elderly people in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: This current survey is a cross-sectional descriptive study which was performed among 100 elderly people in Kermanshah in 1392.The sample was selected according to the simple random sampling among the elderly people settling in Mehregan Sanatorium of elderly. The tools used for data collection were a questionnaire consisted of two demographic information parts and a questionnaire of Pittsburgh sleep standards, which were completed after interviewing the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results: Mean age of participants was 66.7% ±2.7% years old. Most of the participants (67%), were undereducated. Half of them were women and the other half were men. 77.6% of participants were married and the others were single, widow, or got divorce. 10.2% reported having mental disorders history. 4.1% of participants in this study had used drugs before according to the achieved information from questionnaire. 39.8% of participants had moderate and 24.5% of them had severe sleep quality problems. Conclusion: The findings show that prevalence of improper sleep quality among elderly people is increasing which can cause serious problems. So, identifying effective factors in sleep quality in elderly people and designing proper intervention based on those factors in the direction of improving the quality of elderly people are suggested.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100068_bdbb6f1c7487131f66268b619fc3abd8.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2251-8401 3 4 2014 12 22 Comparison of static and dynamic balance in amateur male athletes Comparison of static and dynamic balance in amateur male athletes 89 98 1100069 10.22037/jrm.2014.1100069 FA Foad Feizolahi 1. Phd Student of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani 2. Exercise Physiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-3502-7487 Journal Article 2014 02 24 Background and Aim: Since training adaptations follows specificity principle, balance may be different in various sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the balance specificity. Materials and Methods: The participants were 72 male collegiate that competed in Iranian Students Sport Olympiad. Subjects were selected from football, wrestling, gymnastics, martial arts and weightlifting sports. All subjects were ready for testing at 2 pm in various sports groups in six consecutive days. After 5-minute warm-up and doing stretching exercises, static and dynamic balance tests were done by ‘Balance Error Scoring System’ (SEBT) and ‘Y Balance test’ (YBT), respectively. Results: The results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey TEST analyses showed that Gymnastics toped the groups in static balance scoring 7.87 ± 3.11, followed by martial arts (10.12 ± 1.62); soccer (14.16 ± 4.79); Wrestling (18.12 ± 6.20); Basketball (19.12 ± 2.34), and Weight lifting (20.25 ± 2.03). The differences between Basketball-Weight lifting; basketball-Wrestling; Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer-martial arts; Weight lifting-Wrestling; and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant. The same analyses results for the dynamic balance ranked martial arts (352.10 ± 20.82); Wrestling (342.81 ± 15.28); Soccer (338.75 ± 19.55); Gymnastics (333.46 ± 18.45); Weight lifting (309.84 ± 4.89), and basketball (289.27 ± 10.76). The differences between Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer- martial arts; Soccer-Gymnastics; Wrestling- martial arts; Wrestling-Gymnastics, and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant (α = 0/05). Conclusion: The present study showed that balance performance similar to lots of other exercise performances is specific to the sport type. Background and Aim: Since training adaptations follows specificity principle, balance may be different in various sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the balance specificity. Materials and Methods: The participants were 72 male collegiate that competed in Iranian Students Sport Olympiad. Subjects were selected from football, wrestling, gymnastics, martial arts and weightlifting sports. All subjects were ready for testing at 2 pm in various sports groups in six consecutive days. After 5-minute warm-up and doing stretching exercises, static and dynamic balance tests were done by ‘Balance Error Scoring System’ (SEBT) and ‘Y Balance test’ (YBT), respectively. Results: The results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey TEST analyses showed that Gymnastics toped the groups in static balance scoring 7.87 ± 3.11, followed by martial arts (10.12 ± 1.62); soccer (14.16 ± 4.79); Wrestling (18.12 ± 6.20); Basketball (19.12 ± 2.34), and Weight lifting (20.25 ± 2.03). The differences between Basketball-Weight lifting; basketball-Wrestling; Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer-martial arts; Weight lifting-Wrestling; and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant. The same analyses results for the dynamic balance ranked martial arts (352.10 ± 20.82); Wrestling (342.81 ± 15.28); Soccer (338.75 ± 19.55); Gymnastics (333.46 ± 18.45); Weight lifting (309.84 ± 4.89), and basketball (289.27 ± 10.76). The differences between Soccer-Wrestling; Soccer- martial arts; Soccer-Gymnastics; Wrestling- martial arts; Wrestling-Gymnastics, and martial arts-Gymnastics were not significant (α = 0/05). Conclusion: The present study showed that balance performance similar to lots of other exercise performances is specific to the sport type.

https://medrehab.sbmu.ac.ir/article_1100069_ecd94ea8750532e04ab7b34c3ee8c223.pdf